Waspada, 4 Hal Ini Bisa Menyebabkan Kulkas Meled4k
Untuk keperluan penyimpanan bahan makanan, kulkas menjadi perabotan penting yang wajib ada di setiap rumah. Selain makanan, kulkas juga berfungsi untuk menyimpan minuman dingin agar tetap segar. Namun, tahukah kamu tak semua makanan atau minuman bisa dimasukkan ke dalam kulkas. Apalagi di bagian freezer-nya. Seperti diketahui, freezer merupakan bagian paling dingin pada kulkas.
Freezer berfungsi untuk membekukan makanan atau minuman yang disimpan di dalamnya. Namun, suhu bekunya tersebut membuat benda tertentu saja yang boleh masuk ke dalam freezer. Kalau asal memasukkan barang, bisa jadi kulkasmu bakalan meledak.
Berikut ini barang-barang yang tak boleh dimasukkan ke dalam freezer karena bisa menyebabkan ledakan, seperti dilansir dari berbagai sumber, Rabu (6/6/2018)
Minuman bersoda, khususnya kemasan kaleng sering dimasukkan ke dalam kulkas. Namun jangan sampai dimasukkan ke dalam freezer, ya. Minuman berkarbonasi ini bisa meledak di suhu yang sangat rendah. Senyawa yang ada di dalam kaleng tersebut akan mengembang dan memberikan tekanan tinggi kepada kaleng. Jika kaleng tak bisa menahan tekanan tersebut kemudian akan menyebabkan ledakan, lho.
1. Minuman Bersoda
Minuman bersoda, khususnya kemasan kaleng sering dimasukkan ke dalam kulkas. Namun jangan sampai dimasukkan ke dalam freezer, ya. Minuman berkarbonasi ini bisa meledak di suhu yang sangat rendah. Senyawa yang ada di dalam kaleng tersebut akan mengembang dan memberikan tekanan tinggi kepada kaleng. Jika kaleng tak bisa menahan tekanan tersebut kemudian akan menyebabkan ledakan, lho.
2. Minuman Beralkohol
Sama seperti minuman bersoda, minuman beralkohol juga sangat sering disimpan di lemari es. Minuman beralkohol yang belum dibuka dapat menyebabkan ledakan karena tekanan dari cairan ekspansi yang ada di dalamnya. Tekanan yang berlebihan akan menyebabkan ledakan serius. Kulkasmu pun ikut meledak atau terbakar.
3. Dry Ice atau Es Kering
Es kering memang jarang ditemukan di rumah-rumah. Namun jika kalian memilikinya, jangan pernah sekali- kali menaruhnya di dalam freezer ya. Suhu dingin dari freezer memberikan efek sublimasi-- perubahan bentuk dari padat ke gas--terhadap es kering tersebut. Akibatnya, gas yang berlebihan akibat proses sublimasi tersebut akan membuat lemari es meledak.
4. Membersihkan Freezer Pakai Benda Tajam
Bunga es dalam freezer memang sangat mengganggu. Untuk itu harus rajin dibersihkan supaya lemari es tetap bersih. Namun banyak orang yang membersihkan bunga es menggunakan benda tajam seperti pisau. Sebenarnya itu tidak boleh dilakukan, sebab di dalam freezer ada pipa gas isobutana. Jika pipa tersebut tertusuk maka akan mengakibatkan kulkasmu meledak seketika.
During the heydays of the 80's and the first half of 90's, like rest of its economy, Japan's insurance industry was growing as a juggernaut. The sheer volume of premium income and asset formation, sometimes comparable with even the mightiest U.S.A. and the limitation of domestic investment opportunity, led Japanese insurance firms to look outwards for investment. The industry's position as a major international investor beginning in the 1980's brought it under the scanner of analysts around the world. The global insurance giants tried to set a foothold in the market, eyeing the gargantuan size of the market. But the restrictive nature of Japanese insurance laws led to intense, sometimes acrimonious, negotiations between Washington and Tokyo in the mid-1990s. The bilateral and multilateral agreements that resulted coincided with Japan's Big Bang financial reforms and deregulation. Building on the outcome of the 1994 US-Japan insurance talks, a series of liberalization and deregulation measures has since been implemented. But the deregulation process was very slow, and more often than not, very selective in protecting the domestic companies interest and market share. Although the Japanese economy was comparable with its counterpart in USA in size, the very basis of efficient financial markets - the sound rules and regulations for a competitive economic environment - were conspicuously absent. And its institutional structure was different, too, from the rest of the developed countries. The kieretsu structure - the corporate group with cross holdings in large number of companies in different industries - was a unique phenomenon in Japan. As a result, the necessary shareholder activism to force the companies to adopt optimal business strategy for the company was absent. Although initially touted as a model one in the days of Japan's prosperity, the vulnerability of this system became too evident when the bubble of the economic boom went burst in the nineties. Also working against Japan was its inability to keep pace with the software development elsewhere in the world. Software was the engine of growth in the world economy in the last decade, and countries lagging in this field faced the sagging economies of the nineties. Japan, the world leader in the "brick and mortar" industries, surprisingly lagged far behind in the "New World" economy after the Internet revolution. Now Japan is calling the nineties a "lost decade" for its economy, which lost its sheen following 3 recessions in the last decade. Interest rates nose-dived to historic lows, to thwart the falling economy - in vain. For insurers, whose lifeline is the interest spread in their investment, this wreaked havoc. Quite a few large insurance companies went bankrupt in the face of "negative spread" and rising volume of non-performing assets. While Japanese insurers largely have escaped the scandals afflicting their brethren in the banking and securities industries, they are currently enduring unprecedented financial difficulties, including catastrophic bankruptcies. Institutional Weaknesses The Japanese market is a gigantic one, yet it is comprised of only a few companies. Unlike its USA counterpart, in which around two thousand companies are fiercely competing in the life segment, Japan's market is comprised of only twenty-nine companies classified as domestic and a handful of foreign entities. The same situation prevailed in the non-life sector with twenty-six domestic companies and thirty-one foreign firms offering their products. So, consumers have far fewer choices than their American counterparts in choosing their carrier. There is less variety also on the product side. Both the life and non-life insurers in Japan are characterized by "plain vanilla" offerings. This is more apparent in automobile insurance, where, until recently premiums were not permitted to reflect differential risk, such as, by gender, driving record etc. Drivers were classified in three age groups only for purposes of premium determination, whereas US rates long have reflected all these factors and others as well. The demand varies for different types of products, too. Japanese insurance products are more savings-oriented. Similarly, although many Japanese life insurance companies offer a few limited kinds of variable life policies (in which benefits reflect the value of the underlying financial assets held by the insurance company, thereby exposing the insured to market risk), there are few takers for such policies. At ¥100=$1.00, Japanese variable life policies in force as of March 31, 1996 had a value of only $7.5 billion, representing a scant 0.08 percent of all life insurance. By contrast, American variable life policies in force as of 1995 were worth $2.7 trillion, roughly 5 percent of the total, with many options, such as variable universal life, available. Japanese insurance companies in both parts of the industry have competed less than their American counterparts. In an environment where a few firms offer a limited number of products to a market in which new entry is closely regulated, implicit price coordination to restrain competition would be expected. However, factors peculiar to Japan further reduce rivalry. A lack of both price competition and product differentiation implies that an insurance company can grab a firm's business and then keep it almost indefinitely. American analysts sometimes have noted that keiretsu (corporate group) ties are just such an excuse. A member of the Mitsubishi Group of companies, for example, ordinarily might shop around for the best deal on the hundreds or thousands of goods and services it buys. But in the case of non-life insurance, such comparative pricing would be futile, since all companies would offer much the same product at the same price. As a result, a Mitsubishi Group company, more often than not, gives business to Tokio Marine & Fire Insurance Co., Ltd., a member of the Mitsubishi keiretsu for decades. On paper, life insurance premiums have been more flexible. However, the government's role looms large in this part of the industry as well - and in a way that affects the pricing of insurance products. The nation's postal system operates, in addition to its enormous savings system, the postal life insurance system popularly known as Kampo. Transactions for Kampo are conducted at the windows of thousands of post offices. As of March 1995, Kampo had 84.1 million policies outstanding, or roughly one per household, and nearly 10 percent of the life insurance market, as measured by policies in force. Funds invested in Kampo mostly go into a huge fund called the Trust Fund, which, in turn, invests in several government financial institutions as well as numerous semipublic units that engage in a variety of activities associated with government, such as ports and highways. Although the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MPT) has direct responsibility for Kampo, the Ministry of Finance runs the Trust Fund. Hence, theoretically MOF can exert influence over the returns Kampo is able to earn and, by extension, the premiums it is likely to charge. Kampo has a number of characteristics that influence its interaction with the private sector. As a government-run institution, it inarguably is less efficient, raising its costs, rendering it noncompetitive, and implying a declining market share over time. However, since Kampo cannot fail, it has a high risk-tolerance that ultimately could be borne by taxpayers. This implies an expanding market share to the extent that this postal life insurance system is able to underprice its products. While the growth scenario presumably is what MPT prefers, MOF seemingly is just as interested in protecting the insurance companies under its wing from "excessive" competition. The net effect of these conflicting incentives is that Kampo appears to restrain the premiums charged by insurers. If their prices go up excessively, then Kampo will capture additional share. In response, insurers may roll back premiums. Conversely, if returns on investments or greater efficiency reduce private-sector premiums relative to the underlying insurance, Kampo will lose market share unless it adjusts. Japan's life insurance sector also lags behind its American counterpart in formulating inter-company cooperative approaches against the threats of anti-selection and fraudulent activities by individuals. Although the number of companies is far lower in Japan, distrust and disunity among them resulted in isolated approaches in dealing with these threats. In USA, the existence of sector sponsored entities like Medical Information Bureau (MIB) acts as a first line of defense against frauds and in turn saves the industry around $1 Billion a year in terms protective value and sentinel effect. Off late, major Japanese carriers are initiating approaches similar to formation of common data warehousing and data sharing. Analysts often complain against insurance companies for their reluctance to adhere to prudent international norms regarding disclosure of their financial data to the investment community and their policyholders. This is particularly true because of the mutual characteristic of the companies as compared with their "public" counterpart in US. For example, Nissan Mutual Life Insurance Co., failed in 1997, generally reported net assets and profits in recent years.
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